•  
  •  
 

Corresponding Author

Wei-Feng ZHANG

Abstract

Phospho-olivine LiFePO4 cathode materials were prepared by hydrothermal reaction at 200 oC. Sucrose was added as C-coating resource and Co was doped into the crystal lattice of LiFePO4. In order to investigate the improvements in the electrochemical properties of Co-doped LiFePO4, three samples, LiFePO4, C-coated LiFePO4 and C-coating-Co-doped LiFePO4, were synthesized under the same preparation conditions. Charge/discharge studies reveal that the Co-doped LiFePO4/C composite annealed at 400 oC exhibits marked improvement of specific capacity by diminishing the particle sizes and enhancement in the degree of crystallinity. The C-coating and Co-doped into the LiFePO4 crystal lattices improve the rate performance through the reduction of the particle sizes.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords

lithium ion batteries, cathode material, carbon-coating, Co-doping, particle size

Publication Date

2011-08-28

Online Available Date

2011-07-05

Revised Date

2011-06-10

Received Date

2011-03-31

References

[1] Vincent C A. Lithium batteries: a 50-year perspective, 1959-2009[J]. Solid State Ionics, 2000, 134 (1/2): 159-167.

[2] Padhi A K, Nanjundaswamy K S, Goodenough J B. Phospho-olivines as positive-electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries[J]. J Electrochem Soc, 1997, 144 (4): 1188-1194.

[3] Losey A, Rakovan J, Hughes J M, et al. Structural variation in the lithiophilite-triphylite series and other olivine-group structures[J]. The Canadian Mineralogist, 2004, 42 (4): 1105-1115.

[4] Franger S, Cras F L, Bourbon C, et al. LiFePO4 synthesis routes for enhanced electrochemical performance[J]. Electrochem Solid-State Lett, 2002, 5 (10): A231- A233.

[5] Kosova N, Devyatkina E. On mechanochemical preparation of materials with enhanced characteristics for lithium batteries[J]. Solid State Ionics, 2004, 172 (1/4): 181-184.

[6] Yang M R, Ke W H, Wu S H. Preparation of LiFePO4 powders by co-precipitation[J]. J Power Sources, 2005, 146 (1/2): 539-543.

[7] Arnold G, Garche J, Hemmer R, et al. Fine-particle lithium iron phosphate LiFePO4 synthesized by a new low-cost aqueous precipitation technique[J]. J Power Sources, 2003, 119-121: 247-251.

[8] Xu Z, Xu L, Lai Q, et al. Microemulsion synthesis of LiFePO4/C and its electrochemical properties as cathode materials for lithium-ion cells[J]. Mater Chem Phys 2007, 105 (1): 80-85

[9] Cho T H, Chung H T. Synthesis of olivine-type LiFeP04 by emulsion-drying method[J]. J Power Sources, 2004, 133 (2): 272-276.

[10] Higuchi M, Katayama K, Azuma Y, et al. Synthesis of LiFePO4 cathode material by microwave processing[J]. J Power Sources, 2003, 119-121: 258-261.

[11] Park K S, Son J T, Chung H T, et al. Synthesis of LiFePO4 by co-precipitation and microwave heating[J]. Eletrochem Commun, 2003, 5 (10): 839-842.

[12] Konstantinov K, Bewlay S, Wang G X, et al. New approach for synthesis of carbon-mixed LiFePO4 cathode materials[J]. Electrochim Acta, 2004, 50 (2/3): 421-426.

[13] Ni J F, Zhou H H, Chen J T, et al. Molten salt synthesis and electrochemical properties of spherical LiFePO4 particles[J]. Materials Letters, 2007, 61 (4/5): 1260-1264.

[14] Wang B, Qiu Y, Yang L. Structural and electrochemical characterization of LiFePO4 synthesized by an HEDP-based soft-chemistry route[J]. Eletrochem Commun 2006, 8 (11): 1801-1805.

[15] Wang Y, Wang J, Yang J, et al. High-rate LiFePO4 electrode material synthesized by a novel route from FePO4?4H2O[J]. Funct Mater 2006, 16 (16): 2135-2140.

[16] Prosini P P, Carewska M, Scaccia S, et al. A new synthetic route for preparing LiFePO4 with enhanced electrochemical performance[J]. J Electrochem Soc, 2002, 149 (7): A886-A890.

[17] Prosini P P, Carewska M, Scaccia S, et al. Long-term cyclability of nanostructured LiFePO4[J]. Electrochim Acta, 2003, 48 (28): 4205-4211.

[18] Shanmukaraj D, Wang G X, Murugan R, et al. Electrochemical studies on LiFe1?xCoxPO4/carbon composite cathode materials synthesized by citrate gel technique for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Materials Science and Engineering, 2008, B 149 (1): 93-98.

[19] Wang D, Li H, Shi S, et al. Improving the rate performance of LiFePO4 by Fe-site doping[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2005, 50 (14): 2955–2958.

[20] Ou X Q, Liang G Ch, Liang J S, et al. LiFePO4 doped with magnesium prepared by hydrothermal reaction in glucose solution[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2008,19 (3): 345–349.

[21] Zhang J (张静) , Liu S Q (刘素琴) , Huang K L (黄可龙) et al. LiFePO4: hydrothermal synthesis and properties[J]. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry (无机化学学报) , 2005, 21 (3) : 433-436.

[22] Shi E W (施而畏), Xia C T (夏长泰), Wang B G (王步国), et a1. Development and application of hydrothermal method[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials(无机材料学报), 1996, 11 (2): 193-205

[23] Lei M (雷敏), Ying J R(应皆荣), Wan C R(万春荣), et al. LiFePO4 as the new cathode material for lithium ion batteries[J]. Journal of functional material(功能材料), 2004, supplement Volume(35): 1834-1838.

Share

COinS
 
 

To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.

NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.