Abstract
Room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) is used as a soft-template to organize a meso-macroporous material constructed by self-assembled giant gold nanoparticles which are capped by L-cysteine. First, L-cysteine capped gold nanoparticles can self-assembly to form nanowires and sub-micrometer spherical giant particles due to the static interaction and/or the condensation reaction between the carboxyl and amino groups at the outer terminal of the ligand. Second, the spherical assembled particles can form a quasi-solid gel when grinding with a hydrophobic RTIL, 1-octyl-3-metyllimidazolium hexafluorophosphate. Finally, when the composite gel is coated on a glassy carbon electrode and then polarized by using cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH = 7.4), a meso-macroporous structure is formed due to the leakage of the surplus of RTIL in the gel. This meso-macroporous structured material has a good conductivity and affinity to biological macromolecules. The faradaic current of cytochrome c can be enhanced significantly due to both the high outer surface area and the inner “thin-layer” effect. The experimental results indicate that this novel meso-macroporous material has potential application for electrochemical devices including biosensors and biofuel cells.
Graphical Abstract
Keywords
room temperature ionic liquid, self-assemble, gold nanoparticles, cytochrome c, biosensors
Publication Date
2014-08-28
Online Available Date
2013-12-21
Revised Date
2013-12-11
Received Date
2013-08-23
Recommended Citation
Pei LI, Dong-ping ZHAN, Yuan-hua SHAO.
Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Templated Meso-Macroporous Material by Self-Assembled Giant Gold Nanoparticles and Its Enhancement on the Direct Electrochemistry of Cytochrome c[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry,
2014
,
20(4): 323-332.
DOI: 10.13208/j.electrochem.130882
Available at:
https://jelectrochem.xmu.edu.cn/journal/vol20/iss4/5
References
[1] Sing K S W, Everett D H, Haul R A W, et al. Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity[J]. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 1985, 57(4): 603-619.
[2] Yuan Z, Su B. Insights into hierarchically meso-macroporous structured materials[J]. Journal of Materials chemistry, 2006, 16(77): 663-677.
[3] Taguchi A, Schuth F. Ordered mesoporous materials in catalysis[J]. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2005, 77(1): 1-45.
[4] Schuth F. Engineerde porous catalyticmaterials[J]. Annual Reviews Materials Research Innovations, 2005, 35: 209-238.
[5] Van de Water, Leon G A, Maschmeyer T. Mesoporous membranes-a brief overview of recent developments[J]. Topics in Catalysis, 2004, 29(2): 67-77.
[6] Hartmann M. Ordered Mesoporous Materials for bioadsorption and biocatalysis[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2005, 17(18): 4577-4593.
[7] Brust M, Kiely C J. Some recent advances in nanostructure preparation fron gold and silver particles: A short topical review[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 2002, 202(2/3): 175-186.
[8] Shipway A N, Katz E, Willner I. Nanoparticle arrays on surfaces for electronic, optical, and sensor applications[J]. Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry, 2000, 1(1): 18-52.
[9] Daniel M C, Astruc D. Gold nanoparticles: Assembly, supramolecular chemistry, quantum-size-related properties, and applications toward biology toward biology, catalysis, and nanotechnology[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2004, 104(1): 293-346.
[10] Buzzeo M C, Evans R G, Compton R G. Non-haloaluminate room-temperature ionic liquids in electrechemistry-a review[J]. Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry, 2004, 5(8): 1106-1120.
[11] Santos D H, Garcia M B, Garcia A C. Metal-nanoparticles based electroanalysis[J]. Electroanalysis, 2002, 14(18): 1225-1235.
[12] Katz E, Willner I, Wang J. Electroanalytical and bioelectroanalytical systems based on metal and semiconductor nanoparticles[J]. Electroanalysis, 2004, 16(1/2): 19-44.
[13] Brust M, Fink J, Bethell D, et al. Synthesis and reactions of functionalized gold nanoparticles[J]. Journal of the Chemical Society-Chemical Communications, 1995, 16: 1655-1656.
[14] Templeton A C, Wuelfing W P, Murray R W. Monolayer-protected cluster molecules[J]. Accounts of Chemical Research, 2000, 33(1): 27-36.
[15] Zheng W, Maye M M, Leibowitz F L, et al. Imparting biomimetic ion-gating recognition properties to electrodes with a hydrogen-bonding structured core-shell nanoparticle network[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 2000, 72(10): 2190-2199.
[16] Maye M M, Chun S C, Han L, et al. Novel spherical assembly of gold nanoparticles mediated by a tetradentate thioether[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2002, 124(18): 4958-4959.
[17] Maye M M, Lim I S, Luo J, et al. Mediator-template assembly of nanoparticles[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2005, 127(5): 1519-1529.
[18] Zhong Z, Subramanian A S, Highfield J, et al. From discrete particles to spherical aggregates: A simple approach to the self-assembly of Au colloids[J]. Chemistry-A European Journal, 2005, 11(5): 1473-1478.
[19] Ohno H. Electrochemical aspects of ionic liquids[M]. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken,New Jersey, 2005.
[20] Zhao Q, Zhan D, Ma H, et al. Direct proteins electrochemistry based on ionic liquid mediated carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode[J]. Frontiers in Bioscience, 2005, 10(1): 326-334.
[21] Zhao Y, Gao Y, Zhan D, et al. Selective detection of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid by a carbon nanotubes-ionic liquid gel modified electrode[J]. Talanta, 2005, 66(1): 51-57.
[22] Zhao F, Wu X, Wang M, et al. Electrochemical and bioelectrochemistry properties of room-temperature ionic liquids and carbon composite materials[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 2004, 76(17): 4960-4967.
[23] Harbury H A, Loach P A. Oxidation-linked proton functions in hem octa- and undecapeptides from mammalian cytochrome c[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1960, 235: 3640-3647.
[24] Senn H, Wu¨thrich K. Amino acid sequence, heme-iron coordination geometry and functional properties of mitochondrial and bacterial c-type cytochromes[J]. Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics, 1985, 18(2): 111-118.
[25] AlainWalcarius. Impact of mesoporous silica-based materials on electrochemistry and feedback from electrochemical science to the characterization of these ordered materials[J]. Comptes Rendus Chimie, 2005, 8(3/4): 693-712.
[26] Huddleston J G, Willauer H D, Swatlowski R P, et al. Room temperature ionic liquids as novel media for ‘clean’ liquid-liquid extraction[J]. Chemical Communications, 1998, 16: 1765-1766.
[27] Ma H, Wan X, Chen X, Zhou Q. Reverse atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in room-temperature ionic liquids[J]. Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 2002, 41(1): 143-147.
[28] Chen S W. 4-Hydroxythiophenol-protected gold nanoclusters in aqueous media[J]. Langmuir, 1999, 15(22): 7551-7557.
[29] Chen S W. Nanoparticle assemblies. "Rectified" quantized charging in aqueous media[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2000, 122(30): 7420-7421.
[30] Amorin M, Castedo L, Granja J R. New cyclic peptide assemblies with hydrophobic cavities: the structural and thermodynamic basis of a new class of peptide nanotubes[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2003, 125(30): 2844-2845.
[31] Rosenthal-Aizman K, Svensson C, Unden A. Self-assembling peptide nanotubes from enantiomeric Pairs of cyclic peptides with alternating D and L amino acid residues[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2004, 126(11): 3372-3373.
[32] Nakayama K, Kawato H C, Inagaki H, et al. Novel peptidomimetics of the antifungal cyclic peptide Rhodopeptin: Design of mimetics utilizing scaffolding methodology[J]. Organic Letters, 2001, 3(22): 3447-3450.
[33] Nayak S, lyon L A. Soft nanotechnology with soft nanoparticles[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2005, 44(47): 7686-7708.
[34] Bard A J, Faulkner L R. Electrochemical methods: Fundamentals and applications (2nd edition)[M]. John Wiley & Sons, 2001: 231.
[35] Fedurco M C. Redox reactions of heme-containing metalloproteins: Dynamic effects of self-assembled monolayers on thermodynamics and kinetics of cytochrome c electron-transfer reactions[J].Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 2000, 209: 263-286.
[36] Sevilla J M, Pineda T, Roman A J, et al. The direct electrochemistry of cytochrome c at a hanging mercury drop electrode modified with 6-mercaptopurine[J]. Electroanalytical Chemistry, 1998, 451(1/2): 89-93.
[37] Fleischmann M. Ultramicroelectrodes and fabrications In Ultramicroelectrodes (Eds: Fleischmann M, Pons S, Robinson D R & Schmidt P P, Datatech)[M], Systems Press, London, 1987.
[38] McKenzie K J, Marken F, Opallo M. TiO2 phytate films as hosts and conduits for cytochrome c electrochemistry[J]. Bioelectrochemistry, 2005, 66(1/2): 41-47.
[39] McKenzie K J, Marken F. Accumulation and reactivity of the redox protein cytochrome c in mesoporous films of TiO2 phytate[J]. Langmuir, 2003, 19(10): 4327-4311.
[40] Ikeda T, Kano K J. An electrochemical approach to the studies of biological redox reactions and their applications to biosensors, bioreactors, and biofuel cells biosci[J]. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2001, 92(1): 9-18.
[41] Wilner I, Willner B. Biomaterials integrated with electronic elements:en route to bioelectrionics[J]. Trends in Biotechnology, 2001, 19(6): 222-230
[42] Ikeda T, Kano K. Bioelectrocatalysis-based application of quinoproteins and quinoprotein-containing bacterial cells in biosensors and biofuel cells[J]. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta-Proteins and Proteomics, 2003, 1647(1/2): 121-126.
