•  
  •  
 

Corresponding Author

Han-xi YANG(hxyang@whu.edu.cn)

Abstract

Oncoming large scale electric energy storage (EES) requires battery systems not only to have sufficient storage capacity but also to be cost-effective and environmentally friendly. Li-ion batteries for widespread EES applications may be limited due to the constraint of global lithium resource. From the considerations of available resources and environmental impact, Na-ion batteries have potential advantages as next generation secondary batteries and an alternative to Li-ion batteries. However, in the present state of the art, the Na-storage cathodes reported so far are still deficient both in energy density and power capability, while the carbon and alloy anodes for Na-ion batteries have also the problem of insufficient cycling life for battery applications. This paper reviews briefly the recent advances in the development of Na-storage materials, analyses the different structural requirements for the materials in Li-ion and Na-ion batteries and discusses the possible strategies for development of low cost and pollution-free materials for rechargeable Na-ion batteries.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords

sodium ion batteries, electrochemical Na-storage reactions, electrode materials

Publication Date

2013-12-28

Online Available Date

2013-06-05

Revised Date

2013-05-28

Received Date

2013-03-27

References

[1] Dunn B, Kamath H, Tarascon J M. Electrical energy storage for the grid: A battery of choices[J]. Science, 2011, 334(6058): 928-935.

[2] Yang Z, Zhang J, Kintner-Meyer M C W, et al. Electrochemical energy storage for green grid[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2011, 111(5): 3577-3613.

[3] Kim S W, Seo D H, Ma X, et al. Electrode materials for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries: Potential alternatives to current lithium-ion batteries[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2012, 2(7): 710-721.

[4] Palomares V, Serras P, Villaluenga I, et al. Na-ion batteries, recent advances and present challenges to become low cost energy storage systems[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2012, 5(3): 5884-5901.

[5] Tahil W. The trouble with lithium Implications of Future PHEV Production for Lithium Demand[R]. Meridian International Research, 2007.

[6] Tarascon J M. Is lithium the new gold?[J]. Nature Chemistry, 2010, 2(6): 510-510.

[7] Delmas C, Braconnier J J, Fouassier C, et al. Electrochemical intercalation of sodium in NaxCoO2 bronzes[J]. Solid State Ionics, 1981, 3/4: 165-169.

[8] Shacklette L, Jow TTownsend L. Rechargeable electrodes from sodium cobalt bronzes[J]. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 1988, 135(11): 2669-2674.

[9] Carlier D, Cheng J H, Berthelot R, et al. The P2-Na2/3Co2/3Mn1/3O2 phase: Structure, physical properties and electrochemical behavior as positive electrode in sodium battery[J]. Dalton Transactions, 2011, 40(36): 9306-9312.

[10] Cao Y, Xiao L, Wang W, et al. Reversible sodium ion insertion in single crystalline manganese oxide nanowires with long cycle life[J]. Advanced Materials, 2011, 23(28): 3155-3160.

[11] Mendiboure A, Delmas C, Hagenmuller P. Electrochemical intercalation and deintercalation of NaxMnO2 bronzes[J]. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 1985, 57(3): 323-331.

[12] Caballero A, Hernan L, Morales J, et al. Synthesis and characterization of high-temperature hexagonal P2-Na0.6MnO2 and its electrochemical behaviour as cathode in sodium cells[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2002, 12(4): 1142-1147.

[13] Paulsen J M, Dahn J R. Studies of the layered manganese bronzes, Na2/3[Mn1-xMx]O2 with M=Co, Ni, Li, and Li2/3[Mn1-xMx]O2 prepared by ion-exchange[J]. Solid State Ionics, 1999, 126(1/2): 3-24.

[14] Kim D, Kang S H, Slater M, et al. Enabling sodium batteries using lithium-substituted sodium layered transition metal oxide cathodes[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2011, 1(3): 333-336.

[15] Hamani D, Ati M, Tarascon J M, et al. NaxVO2 as possible electrode for Na-ion batteries[J]. Electrochemistry Communications, 2011, 13(9): 938-941.

[16] Liu H, Zhou H, Chen L, et al. Electrochemical insertion/deinsertion of sodium on NaV6O15 nanorods as cathode material of rechargeable sodium-based batteries[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2011, 196(2): 814-819.

[17] Bridson J N, Quinlan S E, Tremaine P R. Synthesis and crystal structure of maricite and sodium iron(III) hydroxyphosphate[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 1998, 10(3): 763-768.

[18] Lee K T, Ramesh T N, Nan F, et al. Topochemical synthesis of sodium metal phosphate olivines for sodium-ion batteries[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2011, 23(16): 3593-3600.

[19] Recham N, Chotard J N, Dupont L, et al. Ionothermal synthesis of sodium-based fluorophosphate cathode materials[J]. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2009, 156(12): A993-A999.

[20] Barker J, Saidi M, Swoyer J A. sodium-ion cell based on the fluorophosphate compound NaVPO4F[J]. Electrochemical and solid-state letters, 2003, 6(1): A1-A4.

[21] Qian J F, Zhou M, Cao Y L, et al. Nanosized Na4Fe(CN)6/C composite as a low-cost and high-rate cathode material for sodium-ion batteries[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2012, 2(4): 410-414.

[22] Qian J(钱江锋), Zhou M(周敏), Cao Y(曹余良), et al. NaxMyFe(CN)6(M=Fe, Co, Ni): A new class of cathode materials for sodium ion batteries[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry(电化学), 2012, 18(2): 108-112.

[23] Alcantara R, Madrigal F J F, Lavela P, et al. Characterisation of mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) as active electrode material in lithium and sodium cells[J]. Carbon, 2000, 38(7): 1031-1041.

[24] Thomas P, Billaud D Effect of mechanical grinding of pitch-based carbon fibers and graphite on their electrochemical sodium insertion properties[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2000, 46(1): 39-47.

[25] Wenzel S, Hara T, Janek J, et al. Room-temperature sodium-ion batteries: Improving the rate capability of carbon anode materials by templating strategies[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2011, 4(9): 3342-3345.

[26] Alcantara R, Lavela P, Ortiz G F, et al. Carbon microspheres obtained from resorcinol-formaldehyde as high-capacity electrodes for sodium-ion batteries[J]. Electrochemical and solid-state letters, 2005, 8(4): A222-A225.

[27] Stevens D A, Dahn J R. High capacity anode materials for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries[J]. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2000, 147(4): 1271-1273.

[28] Chevrier V L, Ceder G. Challenges for Na-ion negative electrodes[J]. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2011, 158(9): A1011-A1014.

[29] Qian J, Chen Y, Wu L, et al. High capacity Na-storage and superior cyclability of nanocomposite Sb/C anode for Na-ion batteries[J]. Chemical Communications, 2012, 48(56): 7070-7072.

[30] Qian J F, Wu X Y, Cao Y, et al. High capacity and rate capability of amorphous phosphorus for sodium ion batteries[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2013, 52(17): 4633-4636.

[31] Li Z, Young D, Xiang K, et al. Towards high power high energy aqueous sodium-ion batteries: The NaTi2(PO4)3/Na0.44MnO2 system[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2013, 3(3): 290-294.

[32] Wu X Y, Cao Y L, Ai X P, et al. A low-cost and environmentally benign aqueous rechargeable sodium-ion battery based on NaTi2(PO4)3-Na2NiFe(CN)6[J]. Electrochemistry Communications, 2013, 31: 145-148.

Share

COinS
 
 

To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.

NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.