Ionic Liquid Assisted Synthesis of Porous Carbons from Rice Husk for Supercapacitors

Authors

Han-fang ZHANG, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Lab of Coal Clean Conversion and Utilization, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China;
Feng WEI, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Lab of Coal Clean Conversion and Utilization, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China;
Jian SUN, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Lab of Coal Clean Conversion and Utilization, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China;
Meng-ying JING, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Lab of Coal Clean Conversion and Utilization, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China;
Xiao-jun HE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Lab of Coal Clean Conversion and Utilization, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China;Follow

Corresponding Author

Xiao-jun HE(agdxjhe@126.com)

Abstract

It is still a challenge to prepare carbon materials with high specific surface area at low cost from renewable resources. Herein, the authors report an efficient approach to synthesize porous carbons (PCs) from rice husk with ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF₆)) as a template and an activation agent. The as-made PCs featured the high specific surface area up to 1438 m²·g^-1. As electrodes for supercapacitors, PCs showed a high specific capacitance of 256 F·g^-1 at 0.05 A·g^-1 in 6 mol·L^-1 KOH aqueous electrolyte and a good rate performance of 211 F·g^-1 at 10 A·g-1. All the PC electrodes exhibited good cycle stability. This work provides a new way for efficient synthesis of PCs from biomass using BMIMPF₆ as a template and an assisted activation agent for high-performance supercapacitors.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords

porous carbon, BMIMPF6, rice husk, supercapacitor

DOI Link

https://doi.org/10.13208/j.electrochem.180721

Publication Date

2019-12-28

Online Available Date

2018-10-23

Revised Date

2018-08-28

Received Date

2018-07-23

Recommended Citation

Han-fang ZHANG, Feng WEI, Jian SUN, Meng-ying JING, Xiao-jun HE. Ionic Liquid Assisted Synthesis of Porous Carbons from Rice Husk for Supercapacitors[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry, 2019 , 25(6): 764-772.
DOI: 10.13208/j.electrochem.180721
Available at: https://jelectrochem.xmu.edu.cn/journal/vol25/iss6/14

References

[1] Jayaramulu K, Dubal D P, Nagar B, et al. Ultrathin hierarchical porous carbon nanosheets for high-performance supercapacitors and redox electrolyte energy storage[J]. Advanced Materials, 2018, 30(15): 1705789.
[2] Wang H Y, Zhou Q Q, Yao B W, et al. Suppressing the self-discharge of supercapacitors by modifying separators with an ionic polyelectrolyte[J]. Advanced Material Interfaces, 2018, 5(10): 1701547.
[3] Lang J W(郎俊伟), Zhang X(张旭), Wang R T(王儒涛), et al. Strategies to enhance energy density for supercapacitors[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry(电化学), 2017, 23(5): 507-532.
[4] Huang T(黄涛), Tao G Z(陶广智), Yang C Q(杨重庆), et al. Template induced fabrication of nitrogen doped carbon sheets as electrode materials in supercapacitors[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry(电化学), 2017, 23(6): 604-609.
[5] Ye J L(叶江林), Zhu Y W(朱彦武). Porous carbon materials produced by KOH activation for supercapacitor electrodes[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry(电化学), 2017, 23(5): 548-559.
[6] Zhou Y S(周岳珅), Li M(李梦), Wu S(吴双), et al. Morphology control of ZnCo₂O₄ electrode materials and their electrochemical properties study on supercapacitors[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry(电化学), 2019, DOI: 10.13208/j.electrochem.180625.
[7] Shen L F, Che Q, Li H S, et al. Mesoporous NiCo₂O₄ nano-wire arrays grown on carbon textiles as binder-free flexible electrodes for energy storage[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2014, 24(18): 2630-2637.
[8] Ma L B, Hu Y, Chen R P, et al. Self-assembled ultrathin NiCo₂S₄ nanoflakes grown on Ni foam as high-performance flexible electrodes for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline solution[J]. Nano Energy, 2016, 24: 139-147.
[9] Su L, Gao L J, Du Q H, et al. Construction of NiCo₂O4@MnO₂ nanosheet arrays for high-performance supercapacitor: Highly cross-linked porous heterostructure and worthy electrochemical double-layer capacitance contribution[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2018, 749: 900-908.
[10] Zhang S, Sui L N, Kang H Q, et al. High performance of N-doped graphene with bubble-like textures for supercapacitors[J]. Small, 2017, 14: UNSP1702570.
[11] Yu D F, Chen C, Zhao G Y, et al. Biowaste-derived hierarchical porous carbon nanosheets for ultrahigh power density supercapacitors[J]. ChemSusChem, 2018, 11(10): 1678-1685.
[12] He X J, Ling P H, Qiu J S, et al. Efficient preparation of biomass-based mesoporous carbons for supercapacitors with both high energy density and high power density[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2013, 240: 109-113.
[13] Chen C, Yu D F, Zhao G Y, et al. Three-dimensional scaffolding framework of porous carbon nanosheets derived from plant wastes for high-performance supercapacitors[J]. Nano Energy, 2016, 27: 377-389.
[14] Song X L, Guo J X, Guo M X, et al. Freestanding needle-like polyaniline-coal based carbon nanofibers composites for flexible supercapacitor[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2016, 206: 337-345.
[15] He X J, Li X J, Ma H, et al. ZnO template strategy for the synthesis of 3D interconnected graphene nanocapsules from coal tar pitch as supercapacitor electrode materials[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2017, 340: 183-191.
[16] Pan L, Wang Y X, Hu H, et al. 3D self-assembly synthesis of hierarchical porous carbon from petroleum asphalt for supercapacitors[J]. Carbon, 2018, 134: 345-353.
[17] Liu D C, Zhang W L, Lin H B, et al. A green technology for the preparation of high capacitance rice husk-based activated carbon[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016, 112: 1190-1198.
[18] Wu J Q, Yu D X, Zeng X P, et al. Ash formation and fouling during combustion of rice husk and its blends with a high alkali Xinjiang coal[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2018, 32(1): 416-424.
[19] Guo D C, Mi J, Hao G P, et al. Ionic liquid C₁₆mimBF₄ assisted synthesis of poly(benzoxazine-co-resol)-based hierarchically porous carbons with superior performance in supercapacitors[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2013, 6(2): 652-659.
[20] Yang H M, Cui X J, Deng Y Q, et al. Ionic liquid templated preparation of carbon aerogels based on resorcinol-formaldehyde: properties and catalytic performance[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2012, 22(41): 21852-21856.
[21] Wang G, Ling Z, Li C P, et al. Ionic liquid as template to synthesize carbon xerogels by coupling with KOH activation for supercapacitors[J]. Electrochemistry Community, 2013, 31: 31-34.
[22] Prasath A, Athika M, Duraisamy E, et al. Carbon-quantum-dot-derived nanostructured MnO₂ and its symmetrical supercapacitor performances[J]. ChemistrySelect, 2018, 3(30): 8713-8723.
[23] Kroon M C, Buijs W, Peters C J, et al. Quantum chemical aided prediction of the thermal decomposition mechanisms and temperatures of ionic liquids[J]. Thermochimica Acta, 2007, 465(1/2): 40-47.
[24] He X J, Ling P H, Yu M X, et al. Rice husk-derived porous carbons with high capacitance by ZnCl₂ activation for supercapacitors[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2013,105: 635-641.
[25] Xie K, Qin X T, Wang X Z, et al. Carbon nanocages as supercapacitor electrode materials[J]. Advanced Materials, 2012, 24(3): 347-352.
[26] Hao L, Luo B, Li X L, et al. Terephthalonitrile-derived nitrogen-rich networks for high performance supercapacitors[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2012, 5(12): 9747-9751.
[27] Qie L, Chen W M, Xu H H, et al. Synthesis of functionalized 3D hierarchical porous carbon for high-performance supercapacitors[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2013, 6(8): 2497-2504.
[28] Wang H J, Sun X X, Liu Z H, et al. Creation of nanopores on graphene planes with MgO template for preparing high-performance supercapacitor electrodes[J]. Nanoscale, 2014, 6(12): 6577-6584.
[29] Chaikittisilp W, Ariga K, Yamauchi Y. A new family of carbon materials: synthesis of MOF-derived nanoporous carbons and their promising applications[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2013, 1(1): 14-19.
[30] Zhang J B, Jin L J, Cheng J, et al. Hierarchical porous carbons prepared from direct coal liquefaction residue and coal for supercapacitor electrodes[J]. Carbon, 2013, 55: 221-232.