Electrochemical Performances of Layered Polypyrrole/Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites as Supercapacitor Electrodes

Authors

Si-Zhe XU
Xue-Jiao ZHOU
Kun WU
Yong-Qiang YANG
Hai-Xia WU

Corresponding Author

Hai-Xia WU(haixiawu@sjtu.edu.cn)

Abstract

Nanocomposites of polypyrrole (Ppy) and chemically reduced graphene oxide (CRGO), Ppy/CRGO, have been fabricated through in-situ polymerization of pyrrole on graphene oxide (GO) sheets. The as-synthesized Ppy/CRGO composites were characterized complementarily using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). By controlling the initial ratio of the GO to pyrrole, the layered composites could be obtained and their thickness could be tuned properly. The Ppy/CRGO electrodes were prepared using a mechanical compressing technique and their electrical conductivity and electrochemical properties were characterized systematically. We demonstrated that as electrodes for supercapacitor, the Ppy/CRGO composites with Ppy to CRGO ratio of 10:1 showed a competitive capacitance of 421 F?g-1 that could be further increased to 509 F?g-1 by introducing pores in it, which is higher than that of Ppy alone. Given the manifest electrical and electrochemical properties, we envisage that the Ppy/CRGO composites should find applications in supercapacitors.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords

Graphene Oxide, Chemically reduced graphene oxide, Polypyrrole, Composite, Supercapacitor

DOI Link

https://doi.org/10.61558/2993-074X.2930

Publication Date

2012-08-28

Online Available Date

2012-01-29

Revised Date

2012-01-17

Received Date

2011-12-26

Recommended Citation

Si-Zhe XU, Xue-Jiao ZHOU, Kun WU, Yong-Qiang YANG, Hai-Xia WU. Electrochemical Performances of Layered Polypyrrole/Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites as Supercapacitor Electrodes[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry, 2012 , 18(4): Article 13.
DOI: 10.61558/2993-074X.2930
Available at: https://jelectrochem.xmu.edu.cn/journal/vol18/iss4/13

References

[1] Jeong Y U, Manthiram A. Nanocrystalline manganese oxides for electrochemical capacitors with neutral electrolytes [J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2002, 149(11): A1419-A1422.

[2] Devine-Wright P. Beyond NIMBYism: towards an integrated framework for understanding public perceptions of wind energy [J]. Wind Energy, 2005, 8(2): 125-139.

[3] Manwell J F, McGowan J G, Rogers A L. Wind energy explained: theory, design and application [M]. Amherst: John Wiley and Sons, 2002: 11-22.

[4] Kim J Y, Lee K, Coates N E, et al. Efficient tandem polymer solar cells fabricated by all-solution processing [J]. Science, 2007, 317(5835): 222-225.

[5] O'regan B, Gr?tzel M. A low-cost, high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO2 films [J]. Nature, 1991, 353(6346): 737-740.

[6] Zhang D, Zhang X, Chen Y, et al. Enhanced capacitance and rate capability of graphene/polypyrrole composite as electrode material for supercapacitors [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2011, 196(14): 5990-5996.

[7] Conway B E. Electrochemical supercapacitors: scientific fundamentals and technological applications [M]. New York: Springer, 1999: 444-445.

[8] Fuertes, A B, Lota G, Centeno T A, et al. Templated mesoporous carbons for supercapacitor application [J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2005, 50(14): 2799-2805.

[9] Conway B E. Transition from “supercapacitor” to “battery” behavior in electrochemical energy storage [J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 1991, 138(6): 1539-1540.

[10] Stoller M D, Park S, Zhu Y, et al. Graphene-based ultracapacitors [J]. Nano letters, 2008, 8(10): 3498-3502.

[11] Lota G, Lota K, Frackowiak E. Nanotubes based composites rich in nitrogen for supercapacitor application [J]. Electrochemistry communications, 2007, 9(7): 1828-1832.

[12] Subramanian V, Zhu H, Vajtai R, et al. Hydrothermal synthesis and pseudocapacitance properties of MnO2 nanostructures [J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2005, 109(43): 20207-20214.

[13] Bose S, Kim N H, Kuila T, et al. Electrochemical performance of a graphene-polypyrrole nanocomposite as a supercapacitor electrode [J]. Nanotechnology, 2011, 22(29): 295202 (9pp).

[14] Gamby, J, Taberna P L, Simon P, et al. Studies and characterisations of various activated carbons used for carbon/carbon supercapacitors [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2001, 101(1): 109-116.

[15] Lozano-Castelló D, Cazorla-Amorós D, Linares-Solano A, et al. Influence of pore structure and surface chemistry on electric double layer capacitance in non-aqueous electrolyte [J]. Carbon, 2003, 41(9): 1765-1775.

[16] Frackowiak E. Carbon materials for supercapacitor application [J]. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2007, 9(15): 1774-1785.

[17] Prabaharan S R S, Vimala R and Zainal Z. Nanostructured mesoporous carbon as electrodes for supercapacitors [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2006, 161(1): 730-736.

[18] Li W, Chen D, Li Z, et al. Nitrogen enriched mesoporous carbon spheres obtained by a facile method and its application for electrochemical capacitor [J]. Electrochemistry communications, 2007, 9(4): 569-573.

[19] An K H, Kim W S, Park Y S, et al. Electrochemical properties of high-power supercapacitors using single-walled carbon nanotube electrodes [J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2001, 11(5): 387-392.

[20] Niu C, Sichel K E, Hoch R, et al. High power electrochemical capacitors based on carbon nanotube electrodes [J]. Applied Physics Letters, 1997, 70(11): 1480-1482.

[21] Wang Y, Shi Z, Huang Y, et al. Supercapacitor devices based on graphene materials [J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2009, 113(30): 13103-13107.

[22] K?tz R and Carlen M. Principles and applications of electrochemical capacitors [J]. Electrochimica acta, 2000, 45(15/16): 2483-2498.

[23] Zhou H, Chen H, Luo S, et al. The effect of the polyaniline morphology on the performance of polyaniline supercapacitors [J]. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 2005, 9(8): 574-580.

[24] Gupta V, Miura N. High performance electrochemical supercapacitor from electrochemically synthesized nanostructured polyaniline [J]. Materials Letters, 2006, 60(12): 1466-1469.

[25] Ingram M D, Staesche H, Ryder K S. 'Activated'polypyrrole electrodes for high-power supercapacitor applications [J]. Solid State Ionics, 2004, 169(1/4): 51-57.

[26] Sharma R K, Rastogi A C, Desu S B. Pulse polymerized polypyrrole electrodes for high energy density electrochemical supercapacitor [J]. Electrochemistry communications, 2008, 10(2): 268-272.

[27] Laforgue A, Simon P, Sarrazin C, et al. Polythiophene-based supercapacitors [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 1999, 80(1/2): 142-148.

[28] Xu, J, Wang K, Zu S, et al. Hierarchical nanocomposites of polyaniline nanowire Arrays on graphene oxide sheets with synergistic effect for energy storage [J]. ACS nano, 2010, 4(9): 5019-5026.

[29] Zhang K, Zhang L, Zhao X S, et al. Graphene/polyaniline nanofiber composites as supercapacitor electrodes [J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2010, 22(4): 1392-1401.

[30] Zhang J, Yang H, Shen G, et al. Reduction of graphene oxide vial-ascorbic acid [J]. Chemical Communications, 2009, 46(7): 1112-1114.

[31] Zhou X, Zhang J, Wu H, et al. Reducing graphene oxide via hydroxylamine: A simple and efficient route to graphene [J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011, 115(24): 11957-11961.

[32] He C, Yang C, Li Y. Chemical synthesis of coral-like nanowires and nanowire networks of conducting polypyrrole [J]. Synthetic metals, 2003, 139(2): 539-545.

[33] Amarnath C A, Hong C E, Kim N H, et al. Efficient synthesis of graphene sheets using pyrrole as a reducing agent [J]. Carbon, 2011, 49(11): 3497-3502.

[34] Stankovich S, Dikin D A, Dommett G H B, et al. Graphene-based composite materials [J]. Nature, 2006, 442(7100): 282-286.

[35] Li, D, Muller, M B, Gilje, S, et al. Processable aqueous dispersions of graphene nanosheets [J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2008, 3(2): 101-105.

[36] Liu C, Yu Z, Neff D, et al. Graphene-based supercapacitor with an ultrahigh energy density [J]. Nano letters, 2010, 10 (12): 4863-4868.