•  
  •  
 

Corresponding Author

Chao-Jie Cui(cuicj06@tsinghua.edu.cn);
Wei-Zhong Qian(qianwz@tsinghua.edu.cn)

Abstract

Ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte-based supercapacitors (SCs) have advantages of high operating voltage window, high energy density and nonflammability, as compared to conventional acetonitrile-based organic electrolyte SCs, and are typically suitable for the large-scale energy storage in the era of carbon neutrality full of renewable, but unstable electricity. However, current efforts were concentrated on the study with coin-cell type of IL-SCs, and less has been reported on the pouch type of IL-SCs for a long cycling time yet. To fabricate a reliable SC for the life time test or for the accelerated aging test under high temperature, one should concern the excellent contact in the current collector/electrode interface to minimize the charge transfer resistance. In the present work, the carbon-Al interfacial effect was studied in the new SC system with Al foam as a current collector coated or painted by different carbon layers. Uniform amorphous carbon layer on Al foam was obtained from carbonization of epoxy resin film, giving a strong interaction of Al and carbon phase, as compared to that of the Al foam adhered with graphene by PVDF. In addition, to fully explore the potential of ILs electrolyte with large ion size, mesoporous carbon electrode was adopted here for a rapid ion diffusion across mesopores. Thus, the new structure SCs pouch consisting of mesoporous carbon electrode, ILs electrolyte and carbon coated-3D Al foam current collector was for the first time fabricated in the present work. Based on the as-made different pouches with capacity of 37 F, their time dependent electrochemical properties, including cyclic voltammetric (CV) response, galvanostatic charge and discharge behaviors, capacitance, contact resistance, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) characteristics were studied by accelerating aging test at 65 oC for 500 h at 3 V. The former pouch of Al foam coated with amorphous carbon layer exhibited far higher capacitance retention as compared to the pouch of Al foam adhered with graphene layer. Detailed fitting of ESR was made, and the contact resistance, charge transfer resistance, and Warburg resistance were analyzed thoroughly, providing deep insight into the strong C-Al interface effect on the high and stable performance of SCs with high energy density. Characterization of electrode sheet before and after 500 h aging test confirmed the above results. The high temperature and high voltage condition made the graphene-pasted Al foam unreliable. But the in situ coated carbon layer on Al foam exhibited relatively strong interaction and a reliable structure for the stable operation of the SCs pouch during the aging test. These solid data provide sufficient information for the further optimization of the high voltage SCs toward high energy density, high power density and long cycling time.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords

supercapacitor, aging test, carbon-aluminum interface, ionic liquid, aluminum foam

Publication Date

2022-12-28

Online Available Date

2022-12-08

Revised Date

2022-11-14

Received Date

2022-09-06

References

[1] Yang Y S. A review of electrochemical energy storage researches in the past 22 years[J]. J. Electrochem., 2020, 26(4): 443-463.

[2] Yang Z F, Wang J, Cui C F, Jin Y, Zhang G, Zhou H H, Qian W Z. High power density & energy density Li-ion battery with aluminum foam enhanced electrode: Fabrication and simulation[J]. J. Power Sources, 2022, 524: 230977.
doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.230977 URL

[3] Wang G P, Zhang L, Zhang J J. A review of electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors[J]. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2012, 41(2): 797-828.
doi: 10.1039/c1cs15060j pmid: 21779609

[4] Zhong C, Deng Y D, Hu W B, Qiao J L, Zhang L, Zhang J J. A review of electrolyte materials and compositions for electrochemical supercapacitors[J]. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2015, 44(21): 7484-7539.
doi: 10.1039/c5cs00303b pmid: 26050756

[5] Simon P, Gogotsi Y. Materials for electrochemical capacitors[J]. Nat. Mater., 2008, 7(11): 845-854.
doi: 10.1038/nmat2297 pmid: 18956000

[6] Zhu Y, Murali S, Stoller M D, Ganesh K J, Cai W, Ferreira P J, Pirkle A, Wallace R M, Cychosz K A, Thommes M, Su D, Stach E A, Ruoff R S. Carbon-based supercapacitors produced by activation of graphene[J]. Science, 2011, 332(6037): 1537-1541.
doi: 10.1126/science.1200770 pmid: 21566159

[7] Yang Z F, Tian J R, Yin Z F, Cui C J, Qian W Z, Wei F. Carbon nanotube- and graphene-based nanomaterials and applications in high-voltage supercapacitor: A review[J]. Carbon, 2019, 141: 467-480.
doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2018.10.010 URL

[8] Zhang S T, Yang Z F, Cui C J, Chen X, Yu Y T, Qian W Z, Jin Y. Ultrafast nonvolatile ionic liquids-based supercapacitors with Al foam-enhanced carbon electrode[J]. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2021, 13(45): 53904-53914.
doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c15754 URL

[9] Tian J R, Cui C J, Xie Q, Qian W Z, Xue C, Miao Y H, Jin Y, Zhang G, Guo B H. EMIMBF4-GBL binary electrolyte working at -70 oC and 3.7 V for a high performance graphene-based capacitor[J]. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2018, 6(8): 3593-3601.
doi: 10.1039/C7TA10474J URL

[10] Zhao Y, Liu B Z, Yi Y Y, Lian X Y, Wang M L, Li S, Yang X Z, Sun J Y. An anode-free potassium-metal battery enabled by a directly grown graphene-modulated aluminum current collector[J]. Adv. Mater., 2022, 34(29): 2202902.
doi: 10.1002/adma.202202902 URL

[11] Fan Z J, Yan J, Wei T, Zhi L J, Ning G Q, Li T Y, Wei F. Asymmetric supercapacitors based on graphene/MnO2and activated carbon nanofiber electrodes with high power and energy density[J]. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2011, 21(12): 2366-2375.
doi: 10.1002/adfm.201100058 URL

[12] Jiang D E, Jin Z H, Henderson D, Wu J Z. Solvent effect on the pore-size dependence of an organic electrolyte supercapacitor[J]. J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2012, 3(13): 1727-1731.
doi: 10.1021/jz3004624 URL

[13] Yang D F, Bock C. Laser reduced graphene for supercapacitor applications[J]. J. Power Sources, 2017, 337: 73-81.
doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.10.108 URL

[14] Yang Z F, Tian J R, Ye Z Z, Jin Y, Cui C J, Xie Q, Wang J, Zhang G, Dong Z Y, Miao Y H, Yu X, Qian W Z, Wei F. High energy and high power density supercapacitor with 3D Al foam-based thick graphene electrode: Fabrication and simulation[J]. Energy Stor. Mater., 2020, 33: 18-25.

[15] Li J, Wang N, Tian J R, Qian W Z, Chu W. Cross-coupled macro-mesoporous carbon network toward record high energy-power density supercapacitor at 4 V[J]. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2018, 28(51): 1806153.
doi: 10.1002/adfm.201806153 URL

[16] Li J, Zhou Y A, Tian J R, Peng L L, Deng J, Wang N, Qian W Z, Chu W. A nitrogen-doped mesopore-dominated carbon electrode allied with anti-freezing EMIBF4-GBL electrolyte for superior low-temperature supercapacitors[J]. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2020, 8(20): 10386-10394.
doi: 10.1039/D0TA02677H URL

[17] Tian J R, Cui C J, Zheng C, Qian W Z. Mesoporous tubular graphene electrode for high performance supercapacitor[J]. Chin. Chem. Lett., 2018, 29(4): 599-602.
doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.01.027 URL

[18] Teuber M, Strautmann M, Drillkens J, Sauer D U. Lifetime and performance assessment of commercial electric double-layer capacitors based on cover layer formation[J]. ACS Appl. Mater. & Interfaces, 2019, 11(20): 18313-18322.

[19] Ye Z Z, Chen X Q, Wang J, Li B F, Cui C J, Zhang G, Qian L M, Jin Y, Qian W Z. Evaluation of aging performance under high temperature of ionic liquid-based pouch supercapacitor[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(12): 6351-6360.

[20] Yin Z F, Shen B Y, Cui C J, Chen H, Duoni, Wang J, Qian W Z, Zhao L. High-performance graphene/carbon nanotube-based adsorbents for treating diluted O-cresol in water in a pilot-plant scale demo[J]. ACS Appl. Mater. & Interfaces, 2021, 13(36): 43266-43272.

[21] He J X, Zhao S Y, Lian Y P, Zhou M J, Wang L D, Ding B, Cui S Z. Graphene-doped carbon/Fe3O4 porous nano-fibers with hierarchical band construction as high-performance anodes for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Electrochim. Acta, 2017, 229: 306-315.
doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.01.092 URL

[22] Izadi-Najafabadi A, Yamada T, Futaba D N, Hatori H, Iijima S, Hata K. Impact of cell-voltage on energy and power performance of supercapacitors with single-walled carbon nanotube electrodes[J]. Electrochem. Commun., 2010, 12(12): 1678-1681.
doi: 10.1016/j.elecom.2010.09.020 URL

[23] Fernandez A P R, Périgo E A, Faria R N. Analytical expressions for electrochemical supercapacitor with potential dependent capacitance[J]. J. Energy Stor., 2021, 43: 103156.

[24] Yang Y, Fei H L, Ruan G D, Xiang C S, Tour J M. Edge-oriented MoS2 nanoporous films as flexible electrodes for hydrogen evolution reactions and supercapacitor devices[J]. Adv. Mater., 2014, 26(48): 8163-8168.
doi: 10.1002/adma.201402847 URL

[25] Ayadi M, Briat O, Lallemand R, Eddahech A, German R, Coquery G, Vinassa J M. Description of supercapacitor performance degradation rate during thermal cycling under constant voltage aging test[J]. Microelectron. Reliab., 2014, 54(9-10): 1944-1948.
doi: 10.1016/j.microrel.2014.07.150 URL

[27] El Brouji H, Briat O, Vinassa J M, Bertrand N, Woirgard E. Comparison between changes of ultracapacitors model parameters during calendar life and power cycling aging tests[J]. Microelectron. Reliab., 2008, 48(8): 1473-1478.
doi: 10.1016/j.microrel.2008.07.022 URL

[28] Masarapu C, Zeng H F, Hung K H, Wei B. Effect of temperature on the capacitance of carbon nanotube supercapacitors[J]. ACS Nano, 2009, 3(8): 2199-2206.
doi: 10.1021/nn900500n pmid: 19583250

[29] Hastak R S, Sivaraman P, Potphode D D, Shashidhara K, Samui A B. All solid supercapacitor based on activated carbon and poly [2,5-benzimidazole] for high temperature application[J]. Electrochim. Acta, 2012, 59: 296-303.
doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.10.102 URL

[30] Poonam, Vyas M, Jangid D K, Rohan R, Pareek K. Investigation of supercapacitor cyclic degradation through impedance spectroscopy and randles circuit model[J]. Energy Stor., 2022, 4(5): e355.

[31] Saha P, Dey S, Khanra M. Second-life applications of supercapacitors: Effective capacitance prognosis and aging[J]. J. Power Sources, 2021, 496: 229824.
doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229824 URL

[32] Jossen A. Fundamentals of battery dynamics[J]. J. Power Sources, 2006, 154(2): 530-538.
doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.10.041 URL

[33] Yang C Z, Li C Y V, Li F J, Chan K Y. Complex imped-ance with transmission line model and complex capacitance analysis of ion transport and accumulation in hierarchical core-shell porous carbons[J]. J. Electrochem. Soc., 2013, 160(4): H271-H278.
doi: 10.1149/2.016306jes URL

[34] Li J, Xu Z, Zhang Z A. In situ combined analysis of gases and electrochemical signals of an activated carbon-based supercapacitor at 2.7-4 V[J]. RSC Adv., 2018, 8(56): 32188-32192.
doi: 10.1039/C8RA06568C URL

[35] Kim H S, Kim Y H, Roh K C, Kim K B. Sandwich-type ordered mesoporous carbon/graphene nanocomposites derived from ionic liquid[J]. Nano Res., 2016, 9(9): 2696-2706.
doi: 10.1007/s12274-016-1158-y URL

Supporting Information
2219005-叶珍珍-崔超婕-骞伟中-SI.pdf (246 kB)
Download

Share

COinS
 
 

To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.

NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.