Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) plays an essential role in agriculture and modern industries. Electrochemical fixation of nitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NRR) under ambient conditions with renewable electricity is a promising strategy to replace the industrial Haber-Bosch method. However, it usually suffers from extremely poor ammonia yield and low Faraday efficiency due to the poor electrocatalysts. Therefore, intensive studies have been devoted to developing efficient NRR catalysts till now. Among them, palladium (Pd) can capture protons in the aqueous phase to form stable α-PdH, which balances the competitive adsorption between nitrogen and protons as well as reduces the NRR reaction energy barrier. In addition, carbon-based materials have the characteristics of weak hydrogen adsorption capacity, wide potential window and abundant valence electrons. In this work, graphene composite powder supported palladium particles (PdNPs@GCP) were prepared by chemical reduction under ambient condition via adopting commercial hy-drophobic GCP as carbon carrier for nitrogen reduction reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterizations results showed that the well-crystallized palladium particles were successfully loaded on the GCP surface, and GCP was conducive to exposure of more active sites. Raman and XPS spectra confirmed the existence of metal-carrier interaction. Benefitting from the specific structure-activity relationship of the PdNPs@GCP, the ammonia yield was 5.2 μg·h-1·mg-1 at -0.2 V vs. RHE and Faraday efficiency of 9.77% was achieved at -0.1 V vs. RHE in 0.1 mol·L-1 Na2SO4 under natural conditions. Compared with pure palladium phase and GCP, the NRR activity of PdNPs@GCP was enhanced remarkably. The two-dimensional structure of GCP improved the mass transport efficiency and the hydrophobic surface could inhibit hydrogen evolution reaction through weakening the proton aggregation near the catalyst. Meanwhile, Pd particles on GCP would be favorable for nitrogen adsorption and activation, and the metal-carrier interaction of the catalyst could fine-tune the electronic structure of Pd, optimizing the adsorption and desorption of reaction intermediates to accelerate NRR. Strictly controlled experiments were carried out to eliminate any possible existing internal and external contaminations to confirm the source of the product NH3. The morphology and component of the catalyst were almost unchanged after suffering a long-term (10 hours) electrochemical test, indicating good stability of PdNPs@GCP. In addition, no byproduct hydrazine (N2H4) was detected, proving the excellent NRR selectivity of the catalyst. This work provides a facile strategy for the fabrication of carbon-based composite catalysts, which has a promising prospect in electrochemical ammonia synthesis and other energy transformation field.
Graphical Abstract
Keywords
nitrogen reduction, palladium particles, electrocatalysis, Faraday efficiency
Publication Date
2022-05-28
Online Available Date
2021-06-10
Revised Date
2021-05-18
Received Date
2021-04-14
Recommended Citation
Ying-Chao Wang, Zi-Zai Ma, Yi-Fan Wu, Xiao-Guang Wang.
Preparation and Properties of GCP-Supported Palladium Particles Composite towards Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry,
2022
,
28(5): 2104091.
DOI: 10.13208/j.electrochem.210409
Available at:
https://jelectrochem.xmu.edu.cn/journal/vol28/iss5/8
Included in
Catalysis and Reaction Engineering Commons, Engineering Science and Materials Commons, Materials Chemistry Commons, Materials Science and Engineering Commons, Physical Chemistry Commons, Power and Energy Commons
