•  
  •  
 

Corresponding Author

Zhong jun HOU;Bao lian YI

Abstract

High over potential of proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) anode caused by carbon monnoxide poisoning when reformate or methanol is used as fuel is main obstacle to the high performance of PEMFCs.Using carbon monoxide tolerant catalysts is the most hopeful way to solve the CO problem.The CO poisoning problem is reviewed briefly in this paper,and the development of CO tolerant catalysts is introduced in details, including electrocatalysts activity, preparation method and mechanism of tolerance to CO.Mo and W can improve catalysts' CO tolerance.Multi component catalysts are expected to be more tolerant to CO.

Keywords

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell, CO tolerant catalysts, CO prob

Publication Date

2000-11-28

Online Available Date

2000-11-28

Revised Date

2000-11-28

Received Date

2000-11-28

References

[1] OetjenHF ,SchmidtVM ,StimmingU ,TrilaF .PerformancedataofaprotonexchangemembranefuelcellusingH2 /COasfuelgas[J].J .Electrochem .Soc .,1996,143:3838.

[2 ] DivisekJ ,OetjenHF ,PeineckeV ,StimmingU .ComponentsforPEWfuelcellsystemssuinghydrogenandCOcontaingingfuels[J].ElectrochimicaActa ,1998,4 3:3811.

[3] AcresGJK ,FrostJC ,HardsGA ,PotterRJ,RalphTR ,ThompsettD ,BursteinGT ,HutchingsGJ .Electrocatalystsforfuelcells[J].CatalysisToday ,1997,38:393.

[4 ] ShimshonGottesfeld ,JudithPafford .Anewapproachtotheproblemofcarbonmonoxidepoisoninginfuelcellsoperatingatlowtemperatures[J].J .Electrochem .Soc .,1998,135:2 651.

[5] ShimshonGottesfeld .PreventingCOpoisoninginfuelcells[P].U .S .Patent 4 910 0 99.

[6] SchmidtVM ,OetjenHF ,DivisekJ .PerformanceimprovementofaPEMFCusingfuelswithCObyaddi tionofoxygen devolvingcompounds[J].J .Electrochem .Soc .,1997,144 :L2 37.

[7] BellowsRJ,Marucchi SoosE ,ReynoldsRP .ThemechanismofVOmitigationinprotonexchangemem branefurlcellsusingdiluteH2 O2 inthehumidifier[J].ElectrochemicalandSolid StateLetters ,1998,1:69.

[8] ChakravarthySishtla ,GeraldKoncar ,tenatoPlaton ,DergueiGamburzev ,A .JohnAppleby ,OmourtagA .Velec.PerformanceandenduranceofaPEMFCoperatedwithsyntheticreformatefuelfeed[J].JournalofPowerSource ,1998,71:2 4 9.

[9] ChoudharyTV ,GoodmanDW .Stepwisemethanesteamreforming :aroutetoCO freehydrogen[J].CatalysisLetters ,1999,59:93.

[10 ] Yu MingLin ,Guo LinLee ,Min HonRei.Anintegratedpurificationandproductionofhydrogenwithapalladiummembrane catalyticreactor[J].Catalysistoday ,1998,4 4 :34 3.

[11] HiroshiIgarashi,HiroyukiUchida ,Mikisuzuki,YukoSasaki,MasahiroWatanabe .Removalofcarbonmonoxidefromhydrogen richfuelsbyselectiveoxidationoverplatinumcatalystsupportedonzeolite[J].Ap pliedCatalysisA :General,1997,159:159.

[12 ] MasahiroWatanabe ,HiroyukiUchida ,HiroshiIgarashi,MikiSuzuki.PtcatalystsupportedonzeoliteforselectiveoxidationofCOinreformedgases[J].ChemistryLetters ,1995:2 1.

[13] SiswanaNP ,TrimmDL .Metal supportinteractionsinthecatalyticoxidationofcarbonmonoxide[J].CatalysisLetters ,1997,4 6:2 7.

[14] SchmidtVM ,Br ckerhoffP ,H leinB ,MenzerR ,StimmingU .Utilizationofmethanolforpolymerelec trolytefuelcellsinmobilsystems[J].JournalofPowerSource ,1994 ,4 9:2 99.

[15] ShawnDLin ,Ting ChouHsiao .MorphologyofcarbonsupportedPt RuelectrocatalystandtheCOtoler anceofanodesforPEMfuelcells [J].J .Phys.Chem .B ,1999,10 3:97.

[16] MashiroWatanabe,MakotoUchida ,SatoshiMotoo .PreparationofhighlydispersedPt +Rualloyclustersandtheactivityfortheelectrooxidationofmethanol[J].J .Electroanal.Chem .,1987,2 2 9:395.

[17] SchimidtTJ ,NoeskeM ,GasteigerHA ,BehmRJ .ElectrocatalyticactivityofPtRualloycolloidsforCOandCO/H2 electrooxidation :strippingvoltammetryandrotatingdiskmeasurements[J].Langmuir,1997,13:2 591.

[18] EmmanuelAuer,AndreasFrend ,ThomasLehmann ,Karl AntonStarz,RobetsSchwarz ,UdoStenke .CO tolerantanodecatalystforPEMfuelcellsandaprocessforitspreparation[P].U .S .Patent.60 0 7934 .

[19] RossPN ,KinoshitaK ,ScarpellinoAJ ,StonehartP .Electrocatalysisonbinaryalloys :Ⅱ .OxidationofmolecularhydrogenonsupportedPt +Rualloys[J].J .Electroanal.Chem .,1975,63:97.

[2 0 ] HubertAGasteiger ,NenadMMarkovic ,PhilipNRoss,Jr.H2 andCOelectrooxidationonwell character izedPt,Ru ,andPt Ru .2 .RotatingdiskelectrodestudiesofCO/H2 mixturesat 62℃ [J].J.Phys.Chem .,1995,99:16757.

[2 1] HubertAGasteiger ,NenadMMarkovic ,PhilipNPoss,Jr .H2 andCOelectrooxidationonwell character izedPt,Ru ,andPt Ru .1.Rotatingdiskelectrodestudiesofthepuregasesincludingtemperatureeffects[J].J.Phys,Chem .,1995,99:82 90 .

[2 2 ] HubertAGasteiger ,NenadMMarkovic ,PhilipNPoss ,Jr.EltonJCairns.COelectrooxidationonwell characterizedPt Rualloys[J].J.Phys,Chem .,1994 ,98:617.

[2 3] YuMorimoto ,ErnestBYeager .COoxidationonsmoothandhighareaPt ,Pt RuandPt Snelectrodes[J].J .Electroanal.Chem .,1998,4 4 1:77.

[2 4 ] IannielloR ,SchmidtVM ,StimmingU ,StumperJ ,WallauA .COadsorptionandoxdationonPtandPt Rualloys:dependenceonsubstratecomposition[J].ElectrochimicaActa ,1994 ,39:1863.

[2 5] LeeSJ ,MukerjeeS ,TicianelliEA ,McBreenJ .ElecrocatalysisofCOtoleranceinhydrogenoxidationreac tioninPEMfurlcells [J].ElectrochimicaActa ,1999,4 4 :32 83.

[2 6] LinWF ,IwasitaT ,VielstichW .CatalysisofCOelectrooxidationatPt,RuandPtRualloy .AninsituFTIRstudy[J].J .Phy .Chem .B ,1999,10 3:32 50 .

[2 7] MarkovicNW ,WidelovA ,RossPN .ElectrooxidationofCOandCO/H2 mixtruesonaPt Sncatalystpre paredbyanimplantationmethod[J].CatalysisLetters,1997,4 3:161.

[2 8] HubertAGasteiger ,NenadM .Markovic ,PhilipNRoss,Jr .ElectrooxidationofCOandH2 /COmixturesonawell characterzedPt3SnelectrodeSurface [J].J .Phys .Chem .,1995,99:894 5.

[2 9] WangK ,GasteigerHA ,MarkovicNM ,RossPN ,Jr.OnthereactionpathwayformethanolandcarbonmonoxideelectrooxidationonPt SnalloyversusPt Rualloysurfaces[J].ElectrochimicaActa ,1996,4 1:2587.

[30 ] GrgurBN ,ZhuangG ,MarkovicNM ,RossPN ,Jr.ElectrooxidationofH2 /COmixturesonaWell char acterizedPt75Mo2 5alloysurface [J].J .Phys.Chem .B ,1997,10 1:3910 .

[31] GrgurBN ,MarkovicNM ,RossPN ,Jr .ElectrooxidationofH2 ,CO ,andH2 /COmixturesonawell char acterizedPt70 Mo30 bulkalloyelectrode[J].J .Phys .Chem .B ,1998,10 2 :2 4 94 .

[32 ] GrgurBN ,MarkovicNM ,RossPN .Theelectro oxidatilonofH2 andH2 /COmixturesoncarbon support edPtxMoyalloycatalysts[J].J .Electrochem .Soc .,1999,1461:1613.

[33] MukerjeeS ,LeeSJ ,TicianelliEA ,McBreenJ,GrgurBN ,MarkovicNM ,PossPN ,GiallombardoJR ,DeCastroES .InvestigationofenhancedCOtoleranceinprotonexchangemembranefuelcellsbycarbonsup portedPtMoalloycatalyst[J].Electrochemicalandsolid StateLetters 1999,2 :12 .

[34 ] TseungACC ,ChenKY .Hydrogenspill overeffectonPt/WO3electrodes [J].CatalysisToday ,1997,38:4 39.

[35] ShenPK ,ChenKY ,TseungACC .COoxidationonPt Ru/WO3electrodes [J].J .Electrochem .Soc.,1995,142 :L85.

[36] ShenPK ,ChenKY ,TseungACC .AnodicoxidationofimpureH2 onteflon bondedPt Ru/WO3elec trodes [J].J .Electrochem .Soc .,1995,142 :L185.

[37] ShenPK ,TseungACC .AnodicoxidationofmethanolonPt/WO3inacidicmedia [J].J .Electrochem .Soc .,1994 ,141:30 82 .

[38 ] PawelJ .Kulesza ,LarryR .Faulkner.Electrodepositionandcharactreizationofthree dimensionaltungsten(VI ,V) oxidefilmscontainingsphericalPtmicroparticles[J].J .Electrochem .Soc .,1989,136:70 7.

[39] EliseMarucchi Soos,DavidTerenceBuckley ,RichardJamesBellows.CO tolerantfuelcellelectrode[P].U .S .Patent 592 2 4 88.

[4 0 ] G tzM ,wendtH .BinaryandternaryanodecatalystformulationsincludingtheelementsW ,SnandMoforPEMFCsoperatedonmethanolorreformategas[J].ElectrochimicaActa ,1998,4 3:3637.

[4 1] AlecGordonGunner,TimothylanHyde ,RobertJohnPotter,DavidThompsett[P].Catalyst.U .S .Patent59392 2 0 .

[4 2 ] AricoAS ,PoltarzewskiZ ,KimH ,MoranaA ,GiordanoN ,AntonucciV .Investigationofacarbon sup portedquaternaryPt Ru Sn Wcatalystfordirectmethanolfuelcell[J].JournalofPowerSource ,1995,55:159.

[4 3] BrianE .Hayden .ThepromotionofCOelectro oxidationonplatinum bismuthasamodelforsurfacemedi atedoxygentransfer[J].CatalysisToday ,1997,38:4 73.

[4 4] McKeeDW ,PakMS ,Electrocatalystsforhydrogen/carbonmonoxidefuelcellanodes :IV .Platinum nickelcombinations [J].J .Electrochem .Soc .,1969,116:516.

[4 5] GrgurBN ,MarkovicNM ,RossPN .ElectrooxidationofH2 ,CO ,andH2 /COmixturesonawell charac terzedPt RebulkalloyelectrodeandcomparisonwithotherPtbinaryalloys[J].ElectrochimicaActa ,1998,4 3:3631.

[4 6] TilquinJY ,C t啨R ,GuayD ,DodeletJP ,Den埁sG .Carbonmonoxidepoisoningofplatinum graphitecata lystsforpolymerelectrolytefuelcell:comparisonbetweenplatinum supportedongraphiteandintercalatedingarphite[J].JournalofPowerSource,1996,61:193.

Share

COinS
 
 

To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.

NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.